The basic working principle of the oil circuit of the
excavator hydraulic system is to transfer the hydraulic oil to the actuator through pressure, so as to realize various operations of the excavator. The flow direction and velocity of hydraulic oil, pressure, control method, circulation and protection are the key factors that affect the operation of hydraulic system.
1. Flow direction and velocity of hydraulic oil
The working principle of the
excavator hydraulic system is to use pressure to drive the work of the actuator, so the flow direction and velocity of the hydraulic oil are crucial. The hydraulic oil enters the pump through the tank. As the impeller of the pump rotates and creates pressure, the hydraulic oil is pushed into the hydraulic system for flow. Each part of the oil system has a corresponding oil inlet and outlet. The hydraulic oil will pass through various control valves and actuators during the flow, and finally return to the tank.
2. Hydraulic oil pressure
The hydraulic oil will produce a certain pressure during the movement, and the size of the pressure is related to the type and working state of the hydraulic pump used. The most common hydraulic systems in
excavators are impeller pumps and plunger pumps. The two pumps work slightly differently. For the impeller pump, because the rotation of the impeller will produce negative pressure, so its pressure is not too high, the plunger pump generally will not exceed 20MPa.As, because its plunger directly pushes the liquid, so its pressure can reach 70MPa or even higher.
3. Hydraulic oil control
In the hydraulic system of
excavator, the control of hydraulic oil is realized through various control valves and actuators. The function of the control valve is to control the flow and pressure of the hydraulic oil, so as to realize the control of the actuator. The actuators include various hydraulic cylinders and motors, etc., which are responsible for converting the energy of hydraulic oil into mechanical energy, so as to realize various operations of the
excavator.
4. Circulation of hydraulic oil
The hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is continuously circulated, so the control of oil temperature and oil quality is very important. Generally speaking, the hydraulic system will install the corresponding radiator to control the oil temperature, and the oil circuit system will also set filters and various detection sensors to ensure the quality and safe operation of the oil system.
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