Once the cylinder block and cylinder liner of a micro crawler excavator are damaged by cavitation, cracks will be caused and even through holes will be formed. This situation will eventually cause cooling water to penetrate into the cylinder and engine oil, thereby greatly reducing the service life and working reliability of the diesel engine.
The main reason why the cylinder of a micro crawler excavator will have cavitation is the vibration of the cylinder liner. When the piston runs to the top dead center of the cylinder, the direction of the side pressure will change, and the piston will swing horizontally from one side of the cylinder liner to the other side, resulting in piston swing. Due to the thermal gap between the piston and the cylinder liner, this piston swing has a certain impact. And it is this impact that will cause strong vibration of the cylinder liner.
When the cylinder liner wall of a micro crawler excavator vibrates, the water in its water cavity will be subjected to alternating tension and compression, and then local high pressure and vacuum bubbles will be generated in the water area near the outer wall of the cylinder liner. Under the action of high vacuum, part of the water in the cooling water will evaporate rapidly to form bubbles. Some of these vacuum bubbles and bubbles will be generated in the extremely tiny pinholes on the outer wall of the cylinder sleeve, while others will be squeezed into these pinholes under the action of vibration.
When the vacuum bubbles or bubbles in the cylinder of the micro crawler excavator are ruptured by high-pressure shock, a strong pressure shock wave will be generated near the rupture area, and the pressure can reach tens of atmospheres. These shock waves will continuously impact the outer wall of the cylinder, and under such frequent and repeated impacts, the surface of the cylinder sleeve will be quickly damaged.
In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of cavitation, the most commonly used methods are as follows: reduce the gap between the cylinder and the piston of the micro crawler excavator, thereby reducing the vibration amplitude of the cylinder sleeve; use a longer piston skirt to enhance the stability of the piston; increase the cooling water flow rate, and optimize the water flow direction and the structure of the cooling system; increase the support stiffness of the cylinder sleeve to make it more stable during operation; improve the material and manufacturing process of the cylinder sleeve to improve its anti-cavitation ability, etc.
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